Keywords: Screening, Degenerative changes, Osteopathy

Aim:

To show data from the osteoporosis screening of the population over 30 years old from the Zenica-Doboj canton in 2024, using ultrasound calcaneus densitometry prevalence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, risk factors. Applying the world standard that osteoporosis is present in 30% of women over the age of 50, there are about 162,000 women suffering from osteoporosis in BiH.

Method:

The study was conducted using CaMos questionnaire (Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study) and the NOF-recommended validated instruments for predicting osteoporosis risk (T score of -1.5 up to -2.49 osteopenia and more than -2.50 osteoporosis).

Results:

In total, 500 people participated (93.2% women). The respondents average age was 58.1 years (25-49 – 23%, 50-64 – 45.4%, 65> – 31.6%), average height 166.16 cm, weight 76.76 kg, BMI 27.83. The use of hormonal preparations was mentioned by 6.4% of respondents (hip and wrist treatment in 0.2%, spine 0.6%, shoulder 0.4%). In total, 10.8% of respondents were treated with corticosteroids for three consecutive months, 25.6% have other high-risk diseases. The respondents physical activity was intense in 7.6%, medium in 37.2%, weak in 55.2%. Dairy products were avoided by 17.2%, vitamin D use was represented by 57.6% of respondents. There are no bone changes in 62.2%, osteopenia in 32.2%, osteoporosis in 5.6%. Osteopenia occurred at an average age of 61.8, osteoporosis at 65.6. People with osteoporosis had low or moderate physical activity in 92.8% of cases, another diagnosis in 28.5%, avoided dairy products in 21.4%, used vitamin D in 75%. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in women >50 years was detected in 45% of cases.

Conclusions:

The results follow the global trends, as well as the associated factors (poor physical activity, chronic diseases, elevated BMI, age). Awareness of the vitamin D use in people with suspected degenerative bone changes has been proven.