Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, gdm complication, oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT
Aim:
To monitor the health of mother,fetus, and baby in the first six-months of life in terms of negative outcomes associated with GDM and comparision in women who perform OGTT during pregnancy or not.
Method:
A total of 414 pregnant women (189 of whom performed OGTT while 225 did not) in the third-trimester who applied to obstetrician clinic of our hospital during six months were included in this prospective observational cohort study. The surveys noted maternal, fetal, and the first six months complications related with GDM were administered face to face at the first interview, and via phone during follow-ups. The information of mother and baby about birth were recorded from hospital files. Data was analyzed using SPSS-25.0 and p<0.05 was accepted significant.
Results:
OGTT was performed by 45.7% of the mothers. The most common reasons for not to perform were 'the thought of not necessary (26.7%)' and 'fair of potential harmful effect (17.8%)'.
GDM were diagnosed 9.4% of mothers. The relationship between OGTT and maternal and fetal complications, which are most associated with GDM, was not found to be significant.
When pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were excluded, mothers who didn’t perform OGTT were found to need more intervention for health problems at birth, and their babies' 5th minute APGAR score was found to be lower. In addition, the fourth month weight percentiles of preterm babies of these mothers were found to be higher. The second, fourth-and sixth-month weight averages and second month weight percentile of term babies were significantly lower.
Conclusions:
Increased maternal, fetal, and neonatal risks detected in mothers with GDM have been proved the importance and necessity of screening. Unfortunately, complications and need for intervention observed in mothers who did not perform OGTT have suggested that some cases could not be diagnosed, and they are detected after health problems arise.
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