Keywords: Case-control study, diabetes, hyperglycemia, prediabetes, progression.
Aim:
To determine the ratio of progression from prediabetes to diabetes (DM) in the fifth, tenth and fifteenth years in prediabetic (PDM) and normoglycemic individuals (NGM) and to investigate possible associated risk factors for transition.
Method:
For each group, 306 people who applied to our tertiary hospital in 2008 were included in this case-control study. The patients' sociodemographic characteristics, habits, comorbidities, medications used, exercise and diet status were questioned, and then it was measured waist-hip circumference, height, and weight by the same researcher. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip and waist/height ratio were calculated. Data were upload to SPSS 23.0 program and p<0.05 was accepted significant.
Results:
The progression ratio from prediabetes to DM in the fifth, tenth and fifteenth years were 18.3%, 29.7% and 43.8% in the PDM, while it was respectively 3.9%, 8.5% and 15% in NGM. It was found that the PDM returned more frequently to DM (p<0.001).
In both groups, frequency of conversion to DM increased with a family history and with increasing BMI, the waist/height ratio, waist/hip ratio (p<0.005). It was determined that a 1 cm increase in waist circumference increased the risk of DM by 3%.
In PDM, the transition rate was statistically higher in individuals aged 50 and over (p=0.005). As education levels decreased, the transition to DM increased (p=0.008). Furthermore, 44.8% of individuals who switched from PDM to DM did not go on a diet (p=0.001).
The risk transition to DM increased from the fifth year onwards when FPG was 110-125 mg/dL (p<0.001). When initial FPG value was ≥106.5, patients were more likely to return to DM after fifteen years (p=0.002).
Conclusions:
Transition ratio was higher in PDM.Initially high FPG, large waist circumference, positive family history, low education level, go on self-styled diet, hypertension and hyperlipidemia history increased the rates of transition to DM with different degrees.
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